Photographic shutter.



A. WOLLENSAK. i PHOTOGRAPHIU SHUTTER.

.APPLIGATION FILED AUG, 9, 1909.

Patented June 14, 1910.

9 SHEETSSHEET 1.

WITNESSES: INVENTOR: m I m 15m %@7M WJW A. WOLLENSAK.

PHOTOGRAPHIG SHUTTER.

3 APPLICATION FILED AUG.9,1909. 961,192, Patented June 14,1910.

9 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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PHOTOGRAPHIG SHUTTER.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.9, 1909. I 9 1, 1 92, Patented June 14,1910.

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961,1 92 Patented June 14, 191.0.

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NO "I WITNESSES: r; INVENTOR:

A. WOLLENSAK.

PHOTOGEAPHIU SHUTTER. a APPLICATION FILED AUG. 9, 190 961,192, PatentedJune 14,1910.

9 SHEETSSHEET 5.

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-' ags' WITNESSES: INVENTOR:

A. W OLLENSAK. PHOTOGRAPHIO SHUTTER.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 9, 1909. 961,192, Patented June 14, 1910.

9 SHEETSSHBET 6- WITNESSES: INVENTOR: Z04? gnaw);

' A. WOLLE-N SAK.

. PHOTOGRAPHIU'SHUTTER.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 9, 1909.

Patented June 14, 1910.

9 SHEETS-SHEET 7.

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I'HOTOGHAPHIO SHUTTER. APPLICATION FILED AUG. 9, 1909.

961,1 92, Patented June 14,1910.

WITNESSES: INVENTOR: amid ZM ,QW

A. WOLLENSAK;

PHOTOGRAPHS SHUTTER. AP UJIGAT ION FILED AUG.9, 1909.

961,192. Patented June 14,1910.

9 SHEETS-SHEET 9.

i in :I 9/ a M i 151' 0. A 40 v 5 l4 7 86 WITNESSES: INVENTOR:

I A @s UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ANDREW WOLLFINSAK, OF ROCHESTER, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR '10 WOLLENBAKOPTICAL COMPANY, OF ROCHESTER, NEW YORK, A. CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

PHOTOGBAPHIC SHUTTER.

Specification or Letters Intent. Patented J ine 14, 1910.

Application fled August 9, 1909. Serial No. 512,044.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, ANDREW WOLLENBAK, a citizen of the United States,and resident of Rochester, in the county of Monroe and State of NewYork, have invented'certain new and useful Improvements in Photographic'Shutters, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to photographic shutters, and consists in theapparatus hereinafter described and claimed.

The object of the invention is to produce an eflicient and satisfactorybetween-the-lens shutter, capable of high speeds and operating withoutjar. The shutter may he supplied with means for producing certain highspeeds adapted to photograph ragildly moving objects. At the some time te shutter is compact and of good appearance.

In the drawings :-Figure 1 is a. front elevation of the shuttercomplete, on a smaller scale than the succeeding figures; Fig. 2 showsthe shutter casing with all parts removed therefrom except the shutterblades and their supporting plate; Fig. 3 shows the same parts, and, maddition, the bladenctuator and a pivot-support; Fig. 4 is a frontelevation of the shutter with the scale plate removed, showin thecam-ring; Fig. 5 is a front elevation o the shutter showing the coverplate, the cam-ring being removed; Fig. 6 is a rear view of the devicefor looking certain parts of the casing together; Fi 7 is apartialbottom plan of the same loc lsing device with a part of the shuttercasing; 8 is a view similar to Fig. 3, with certain parts added; Fig. 9is the same as Fig. 8, but with the motor-lever, the retarder mechanism,the setting-lever, and the time and bulb dctcnts in place; Figs. 10, 11and 12 Show the parts of the motoriever; Fig. 13 shows the same parts asFig. 9, with the addition of the secondary motor spring; Fig. 14 is thesame as Fig. 13, with the addition of the cletent controller lever andthe retarder controller; Fig. 15 shows the bulb release-level. Fig. 16shows the main tri lever; Fig. 17 shows the retardcr lever; Fig. 18shows the retardcr trip; Fig. 19 shows the blade-actuating parts duringthe setting movement; Fi 20 shows the same parts after the settingoperation is completed; Fig. 21 shows the same parts while the shutteris open during release; Fig. 22 shows the same parts when theshuttor-blades have completed their movement; Fig. 23 shows the positionof the detents when the shutter is open during a time exposure, therelease-button being depressed; Fig. 24 shows the same parts after thereleaseutton is freed; Fig. 25 shows the same parts with therelease-button"againL-.;

depressed, the shutterblades having closed; Figs. 26 and 27 show thebulb detents; Fig. 28 shows the time detent; Fig. 29 is a view similarto Fig. 4:, showing the shutter set for a bulb exposure; Fig. 30 showsthe position of the detents when the cam-ring is set as in Fig. 29; Fig.31 shows the position of the detents when the cam-ring is set for aslow-speed instantaneous exposure; Fig. 32 shows the blade-actuatingparts and the detents while the shutter is open during an instantaneousexposure; Fig. 33 shows the same parts after the shutter has closed;Fig. 34 is a view similar to Figs. 4: and 29, showing the shutter setfor instantaneous exposures of the slowest speed; Fig. 35 is a. partialview showing the setting-button depressed, and the main trip lever aboutto engage the retarder trip; Fig. 36 shows the same parts after the maintrip lever has fully engaged the retarder trip; Fig. 37 shows the sameparts, and also the detents, while the shutter is open during aninstantaneous exposure; Fig. 38 shows the position of the retardermechanism when the shutter is open during 'a fast instantaneousexposure; Fig. 39 shows the position of the camring when the shutter isset for instantaneous exposures of the highest speed; Fig. 40 shows thehigh-speed lever and sprin in the inoperative position; Fig. 41 shows te same parts in operative position; Fig. 42 is a cen tral, verticalsection through the complete shutter; and Fig. 43 is an enlarged centralvertical section through the lower part of the shutter.

The casin 1, within which the shutterblades and t e o eratin partstherefor are inclosed, is circu er in orm (Fig. 2). On the rear of thecasing is a screw-threaded extension 2 (Fig. 42) adapted to enter thelens-hoard. of a camera and so to support the shutter in the properposition. This extension is also internally threaded at 3 to receive therear combination of the lens.

A plate 4, fitting the inner .riphery of the casing 1, is fastened totie latter by means of screws 5 (Fig. 2), and carries projecting studs6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 on its front side. baid studs serve as pivotalsupports for certain olperating parts. Between the plate 4 and t eextension 2 is a de ressron (Fig. 42) in which is contained the irisdiaphrugm 12. The leaves of said diaphragm are pivoted on the rear sideof the plate 4, and are moved by a ring 13 that has an operatin arm 14projecting through a slot 1 in the ower edge of the casing l.

The front of the casin is closed by a cover plate 15, Fig. 5, that isastened in place by screws 16. An internally-threaded apelture 17 insaid plate is adapted to receive the front combination of the lens. Onthe front side of the cover plate 15 are circular shoulders l8 and 19,the latter being smaller in diameter and projecting farther forward thanthe cover plate (Figs. 5 and 42.)

A. flat ring 20, Fig. 4, (hereinafter designated the cam-ring) liesagainst the face of the plate 15, and has an annular bearing on theshoulder 18. Said ring has a knurled outer edge, so that it may beeasily turned in either direction. The inner edge, which bears upon theshoulder 18, is irregular in form, having on one side an aperture 21terminating in a wedge or cam-face 22, and on the other side a cam 23that extends outwardly from the shoulder 18 to a notch 24., in aneccentric curve. By rotating the camring 20, the irregular inner edgeacts on oer tain parts that project through the cover plate 15 in waysto be described in detail hereinafter.

Against the front face of the canrring is the scale plate, whichconsists of a ring 25, Fig. 1, fitting around the shoulder 19 and oflarger diameter than the annular shoulder 18. Said ring carries a seriesof figures near its upper edge, indicating the ditferent exposures forwhich the shutter may be adusted, and near its lower edge other figuresto indicate the diaphragm opening and cooperating with the arm 14. Brotating the cam-ring 20 as aforesaid, unti an indicator 26 thereon isopposite the desired figure on the scale plate 25, the shutter parts maybe brought to the proper positions to accomplish the desired exposure.The scale plate 25 is so attached to the cover plate 15 that it may beremoved only by some one familiar with its construction. The internalmechanism of the shutter, therefore, cannot. be reached and tamperedwith by a novice, as the scale plate and cam-ring must be removed beforethe screws 16 that hold the cover plate 15 in place become visible.

On the rear side of the scale late are projeetm r studs 27 (Figs. 5 6and J) having enlarged made that are a opted to enter a correspondingnumber of keyhole slots 28 in the cover plate 15. Said slots are largeat one end and small at the other, so that if the heads of the studs 27are pushed through the large portions of the slots, and the scale plate25 1s turned slightly in a clockwise direction, the heads pass under thecontracted portions 29 of the slots 28 and can not be taken outexcept byturnin the scale plate in a contrary direction. t may be seen from Figs.4 and 5 that the shanks of the studs 27 closely fit the smaller parts 29of the keyhole slots 28.

Near one of the slots 28 is a pivot 30, projecting inwardly from theplate 15, and carrying a latch 31, (a rear view of which is shown inFig. 6). The lower end 32 of the latch projects into the slot 1, Figs. 7and 12, at the bottom of the casing 1, and may be operated by a suitabletool such as an awl inserted therein, and may be swung either upward ordownward about the ivot 30. When swun upward (see full ines, Fig. 6, anddotted lines, Fig. 5), a tongue 33 on the latch is brought close up tothe adjacent stud 27, and hes in line with the stud and the pivot 30,thus forming an abutment which the stud cannot push aside when anattempt is made to turn the scale plate 25. The scale plate is thussecurely locked to the cover plate 15. holding the cam-rim 20 in place,and may e turned and remove only after the latch 31 is swung downward(see dotted lines, Fig. 6). As the latch is practically invisible, theshutter is unlikely to be opened by an incompetent person.

The shutter proper comprises a series of pivoted blades, ual in size,and adapted to be moved simu taneousl about their respective pivots bymeans 0 a connector that is attached to all of them. The blades 34, inthe present instance, are of a modified crescent form, (Fig. 2) and arespaced at equal distances from each other on studs 35 that are set inthe main supporting plate 4. The central 2. erture in the said plate iscompletely close by the blades when the latter occupy the position shownin Fig. 2, as each blade then overlaps the adjacent one. The lowermostblade is double, 2'. a, one blade is placed close to the plate 4, and another is placed on the same ivot, in front of the remainin blades, F142, so that the central over up of the b adcs is thoroughly covered onoth sides, as a safeguard against light leakage.

For one operation of the shutter the blades are simultaneously turned onthe pivots 35 from the position shown in Fig. 2, through approximately45 degrees, in a counter-clockwise direction. When the blades havereached this position, the exposure-aperture is fully open. To close theshutter, the blades are moved in the same direction until they stand atright angles to the position shown in Fig. 2, the opposite endsover-lapping, Fig. 22. To accomplish the next exposure, the blades aremoved in the reverse direction (clockwise), and after exposure againoccupy the position shown in Fi 2. lhis reversal of movement is ob taineby automatic means.

The blade actuator, which swings the blades 34 about the pivots 35,comprises a blade-ring 36 (Fig. 3) that is connected, through suitablemechanism, with the motor spring. Said ring is concentric with theexposure-aperture, and its inner periphery bears on the edge of a guideplate 37 that is fastened to the front faces of the pivots 35 by screws38. Portions of said guide plate are cut away to reduce the friction ofthe ring 36 thereon. The latter is held in its proper plane on one sideby washers on some of the screws 38, and on the opposite side by anarc-shaped plate, Fig. 3, t rough which the remaining screws 38 pass.The plate 39 serves as a support for pivots 40, 41, 42, 43 and 44, onwhich certain movable parts are hang, it being impossible to fasten thepivots in suitable positions in the main sup rtin plate 4 because of theshutter bled am? the blade actuator.

The blade ring 36 carries on its rear face a series of studs 45, whichenter slots 46 in the blades 34 (Fig. 2). It is obvious that if saidring is rotated in the proper direc tion, the blades will be swungsimultaneously about the pivots 35. The extent of movement of the ring36 is governed by alug 47, Fig. 3, on the guide plate 37 that projectsinto a recess 48 in the inner periphery of the ring. Another lug 49, onthe outer periphery of the blade ring 36, cooperates with aspring-pressed latch 50 that is hung on the pivot 6. When the ring 36 isat the right-hand limit of its rotation, the latch 50 prevents itfromrotating toward the leftunder action of the motor spring, by engagingthe lower edge of the lug 49 (Fig. 3), and when said ring is at theleft-hand limit of its rotation, on onposite movement is prevented bythe latch engaging the upper edge of said lug. The length of the lug 49is just equal to the distance through which any given point on the bladering may move, as controlled by the stops forming the ends of the recess48.

The shuttenactuating lever 51 by which the blade ring 36 is rotated fromriht to left, or vice versa (Fig. 8), is in e ect a double bell-crank,serving to change the vertical movement of the motor or main lever(hereinafter more fully described) to the requisite movement,- foractuating the '8, and the late shutter rin 86. The lever 51 is hung on apivot 52 t at projects from the guide plate 37, and its upper endcarries a pin 53 that enters a notch 54: in the rin 36. Pins 55 and 56are set in the lower en of said lever, on the left and right side of theivot 52, respectively and equidistant there rom. It is obvious irom theforegoing that if upward pressure is aypplied to the pin 56 when theparts occup t e positions shown in Fig. 50 1s disengaged from the lugt9, the lever 51 will be swung about the pivot 52 until the pin 53 hascarried the ring 36 toward the left to the limit of its movement,thereby causingi a com lete o ening and closing of the bla es 34. imilary, another exposure is obtained b upward pres sure on the pin 55, whichti ts the lever 51 toward the right and opens and closes the shutter bymoving the parts back to their former positions.

The motor lever before mentioned is supported on the pivot 8, and itsconstruction may be clearly understood by reference to Figs. 9 to 12.The lever proper 57 (Fi 10) is a curved arm that is normally he d upagainst the top of the shutter casing by the action of the motor spring58 that is coiled around the said pivot. The right-hand end of the leverhas a backwardly-extending lug 59 and a projection 60, for purposes tobe described. Below the projection 60 is a forwardly-extending lug 61.

The setting lever 62, hung on the pivot 10, is pressed upwardly by aspring 63 against the setting-button 63 that extends through the casing1 with its axis conveniently in a radius of the latter. The lug 61 onthe motor lever 57 normally rests against the free end of the settinglever 62, and when the latter is depressed by pushing the button 63, themotor lever is swung downward on its pivot 8 and the motor spring 58 isput under tension (Figs. 19 and 20).

The motor lever 57 carries a catch that automatically engages thelowermost of the pins 55 and 56 when the lever is depressed. This catchconstitutes automatic reversing means for applying the action of themotor spring to the shutteractuating lever in either of two oppositedirections. In the present instance the catch consists of acrescent-shaped piece 64 (Fig. 11) that is pivoted at its upper centeron a stud 64 on the lever 57. The lower ends of the catch terminate inbooks 65 and 66, and between said hooks and the stud 64 are studs 68, onwhich are coiled springs 69 andTO. The upper ends of these springsengage lugs on the edge of the piece 64, and their free ends projectinto the spaces above the books 65 and 66.

When the motor lever 57 is depressed by the setting lever 62, the catch64 moves downward with it. If the shutter-actuating lever 51 stands asshown in Fig. 8, the in 55 is uppermost, and is struck by the rec end ofthe spring 69 as the catch 64 approaches it. This causes the catch totilt about its pivot 64 and the hook 66 slips down along the right sideof the pin 56 (Fig. 19) and when ast it, said hook is carried underneathsai pin (Figs. 19 and 20) by the action of the spring 69, which, by itspressure against the pin 55, tends to turn the catch 64 in a clockwisedirection. This constitutes the operation of setting the shuther. Whenthe latch 50 is moved away from the lug 49, by means of suitable releasemechanism controlled through the release button 71, the motor spring 58,being in tension, instantly raises the lever 57, and therefore the catch64. The book 66 on the latter exerts an upward pull on the pin 56, andthe actuating lever 51 is thereby swun to the left (Figs. 21 and 22)moving the bla e ring 36 to its limit as before described, causing acomplete opening and closing of the shutter blades 34. The parts arethen ready to be reset for another exposure, and by pressing the button63 the motor leverfii is again moved downward. This time the pin 56 isuppermost, and is therefore struck by the spring. 70, which causes thecatch 64 to tilt toward the left. The hook 65 then passes along the pin55 and snaps under it, being held there by the action of the spring 70.A depression of the button 71 then releases the latch 50, and the motorspring 58 raises the lever 57 and the catch 64, which throws the lever51 toward the ri ht, causing the ring 36 to move in that irection and soagain to open and close the shutter blades. It is thus seen that at eachoperation of the shutter the blades and parts connected therewith movein directions opposite to those followed in the preceding operation.Therefore, after one exposure, it is unnecessary to return the blades totheir former position to make another exposure, obviating the use of anaperture-cover or blind to prevent exposure in resetting.

On the same stud 64 that carries the catch 64, is a piece '72 (Fig. 12)that acts as a stop for the pins 55 and 56, and is operative only duringslow-speed instantaneous exposures. Its function will be described indetailhereinafter. The said stop has two depending arms 73 and 74.having notches 75 and 76, respectively, in their lower ends.

The release mechanism is controlled, as before stated. by the button 71.which acts directly on the spring-pressed release lever 77 (Fig. 8) thatIs hung on the pivot- 7. On the pivot 6, in front of the latch 50, is alever 78 (Fig. 15), hereinafter designated as-the bulb release-lever.The lower end of this lever rests upon the lunger of the pump 79 66 thatrejects throng the casing and is operated by bulb-pressure. The lever77,when depressed by the button 71, may also move the lever 78, bystrikin a. pin 80 on the rear side of the latter. fimen the lever 78 istilted about its pivot, its left edge strikes a forwardlyrojectin lug 81on the latch 50, and re eases sai latch from the In 4.9 on theblade-actuating ring 36. The s utter blades are then free to move underthe impulse of the motor spring'58. Suitable detents are provided tohold the shutter open for time and bulb exposures. The construction andoperation thereof will now be described.

The time detent is a lever 82 (Fig. 28) that is pivoted on the stud 40.The left end of said lever is normally forced downward by the action ofa spring 83 (Fig. 8). A notch 84 in its lower edge is slightly widerthan :1 lug 36 (Fig. 3) that projects forwardly from the outer edge ofthe ring 36. When the shutter is closed, the said lug occupics aposition to the right or left of the notch 84.

In front of the detent 82 are the bulbdetents 85 and 86 (Figs. 26 and27) that are also pivoted on the stud 4:0. Suitable springs coiled onthe pin 41 and reactin against the pin 42 (Figs. 9 and 13) tend to forcetheleft ends of these detents downward. These ends overlie the bulbrelease lever 78, restin against a lag 87 at the up per end of theatter, and may swing downward when said-lever is tilted (Fig. 23), andare raised by the lug 87 when the lever is raised b its spring 78. Thespring 83 continua ly premes the leftend of the time detent 82 toward astud 88 that plrojects rearwardly from the lower end of t e bulbrelease-lever 78.

The operation of these parts in making a time exposure is as follows:When the button 71 is depressed, the lever 77 tilts the lever 78 asdescribed. The stud 88 raises the left end of the time detent 82, andthe lug 8? permits the detents 85 and 86 to drop under the action oftheir springs. The time detent can move only until its lower edgestrikes the lug 36" (if the ring 36 occu pics the position shown), butthe stud 88 moves to the which position it attains before the latch 50is freed by the lever 78. When this latter action occurs, the shutteropens, under the impulse of the previously-set motor spring, the ring 36being rotated in a counter-clocks wise direction. The detent 85 has ashoul der 89 (Fig. 26) that now lies in the path the lug 36, in such aposition that when say lug strikes it, and etc 5, the shutter is to]open. The detent 86 as a similar shouldl 90, facing in the oppositedirection, and sat position shown in Fig. 23,

shoulder prevents a reboundin of thezring 36 by dropping down behind t elgg 36 as soon as the latter has passed it. hen the button 71 isreleased, the lever 78 tends to resume its normal position, andtherefore to raise the ends of the detents and 86, and to permit. theend of the time detent 82 to move downward. Before the lug 36" can slipoff the end of the shoulder 89, it is caught in the notch 84 of thedetent 82 (Fig. 24) and the shutter is thus held open, and remains openuntil the button 71 is again depressed. The notch 84 is sli htly widerthan the space between the shou ders 89 and 90. Therefore, when thedetent 85 has reached its normal position, the lug 36 escapes from theshoulder 89 and rests against the right-hand edge of the notch 84 ig. 24When the button 71 is again de resse the lever 78 is tilted as be ore,an the time detent 82 is raised, permit ting the lug 36 to escape fromthe notch 84:. As the edge of said lug is beyond the shoulder 89, thedetent 85 rests upon it, and cannot drop, although the detent 86 is freeto do so. Nothing then obstructs the movement of the lug 36, and theshutter is therefore closed by its operating mechanism (Fig. 25). Whentheshutter is operated in the opposite direction, the detent 86 dropsfirst and the shoulder 90 thereon sto s the lug 36*. On the firstrelease of the utton 71, said lug is caught as before in the notch 84:,and is released therefrom on-the second depression of said button,having passed beyond the shoulder 90 after the first release. To makebulb exposures, the time detent 82 is rendered inoperative, and the lug36" is then caught by the shoulder 89 or 90, as the case may be, and isfreed therefrom as soon as the button 71 is released. The means forholding the said time detent con sists of a detent controller-lever 91(Fi 14, 30, 31 and 37), which has a forwar yturned end 92 that projectsthrough the cover plate 15 (Figs. 4 and 5) into the slot- 21 in thecam-ring 20 (see Fig. 29). When the latter is turned so that the pointer26 stands at B on the scale, the point of the wedge or cam-face 22 movesunder the end 92 and slightly raises it (Fig. 29). The opposite end 93of the lever 91 then resses downward against the upper side 0 a lug 94on the time detent 8'2, and holds the latter above the lug 36. The lever91 is ex osures. w Therefore, when the button 71 66 is epressed,the lug36" strikes the shoulder 89, and is retained only as long as said buttonis held down. On releasing the latter, the detent 85 rises with thelever 78 and the shutter is closed b the motor mechanism. Exposures inwhic the shutter o ens and closes on a single ressure of the re easebutton 71 are eflfected by moving the cam rin 20 until the pointer 26 isat I. The end 92 of the lever 91 is thus raised u on the inner peripheryof said cam-ring lg. 34:), and the end 93 depresses the In 94 until itstrikes the right-hand ends of oththe detents 85 and 86. These detentsand the detent 82 are thus prevented from drop ing into the path of thelug 36 when the ever 78 is tilted (see Fig. 37). When the button 71 isdepressed, the lug 36 is free to have its full travel, and the shutteropens and closes. Means are provided for regulating the length of timethat the shutter remains open in the automatically-timed orinstantaneous exposures. Said means comprise retarding mechanism thatmay be placed in the path of the motor lever for any desired portion ofits stroke, together with a suitable tripping device to release saidlever suddenly at the end of the period of retardation. The partswhereby this action is accomplished are illustrated in Figs. 13, 14, 16,17 and 18.

On the pivot 11 is a plate 96 (Fig. 13) that bears a stud 97. Said lateis pressed toward the ri ht side of the casing 1 by pring 98. 5n thestud 97 is hung a lever 99 (Fig. 17) that has a lug 100 at its upperleft end. Its lower end is pivotally connected to a link 101 that isattached to a plunger 102. The latter is slidable in a dashpot 103 thatprojects through the casing 1 and which pre erably corresponds in sizeand appearance with the bulb-pump 79. A lever 104 (Fi 18) is also ivotedto the link 101, an its upper on is normally pressed against the ug 100by the action of a spring 105 that is coiled around the ivot 97 (Fig.13) and bears against the ower end of the plate 96. This lever 104 maybe called the retarder trip. In front of the lever 104 and conecting thestud 97 on the plate 96 and the stationary pivot 11, is thespeed-controller arm 106, having at its upper end a stud 107 that proects through the cover plate 15 and into the path pressed away from thelug 94 by a spring i 95. Said spring is coiled around the pivot- E screw40 that enters the pivot 40 and retains all the detect-s thereon.

By referring to Fig. 30, which shows the position of the detents and thedetent conof the cam-edge 23 on the ring 20. The 12 action of the spring98 serves to press said stud 10? close against said cam-face. When thecam-ring 20 is turned in a clockwise direction, the face 23 forces thestud 107, and

troller lever 91 when set for bulb exposures, it will be clear that thebulb detents 85 and 86 are free to operate as in time therefore the arm106 and the plate 96, toward the left. The stud 97 is thus swungdownward, movin the levers 99 and 104 nearer to the dashpot 103, (Fig.38).

A lever 108 (Fig. 16), which may be designated the main tripdever, 1Shung on the pivot 9, and through the action of a spring 109 that iscoiled about the same pivot, its lower end is pressed toward the centerof the shutter, but movement in this direction is limited by one of theblade-pivot screws 38 (Figs. 13 and 14). On the upper end of said lever,to the left of the pivotal center, is a shoulder 110, and between saidshoulder and the pivot 9 is a stud 111 that has a fiat lower s1de. Theshoulder 110 is in such a location that it is caught by the lug 59 onthe motor lever 57 when the latter moves downward, and the lower end ofthe lever 108 is thus swung toward the right. The stud 111 is in such alocation that it is struck by the projection 60 on the motor lever 57when the latter moves upward, and the lever 108 is thereby swung towardthe left. On the lower end of said lever 108 is a stud 112 that isadapted to strike the upper end of the retarder-t-rip 104 when thelatter is in its normal position, but which swings clear of said tripwhen the parts are set as shown in Fig. 38.

With the pointer 26 set at I on the scale, the detents 82, 85 and 86 areprevented from interfering with the movement of the shuttar-actuatingring 36, as before described. When the setting-button 63 is depressed,the motor lever is moved downward, and the catch 64 engages one of thepins 55 or 56. At the same time the lower end of the main trip lever 108is swung over against the retarder-trip 104, and the latter is movedtoward the right (Fig. 35) until the stud 112 slips over its upper end,which occurs before the motor lever reaches its downward limit ofmovement. As soon as the stud 112 has passed over the top of the trip104:, the spring 105 again presses the latter against the lug 100 on theretarderlever 99, and as soon as the motor lever is completely set, theaction of the spring 109 carries the main trip lever 108 toward the leftuntil the stud 112 rests against the ri ht up 1' edge of the retardertrip 104 lg. 36; hen the parts are in this position, there is a slightspace between the stud 111 and the ro ection 60 on the motor lever. Ifthe re ease button 71 is then depressed, the rin 36 is freed from thelatch 50, the motor .ever 57 flies upward under the impulse of the motorspring 58, and the shutter is fully open when the pro'ection 60 strikesthe lower side of the stu 111. In order to move farther, the motor levermust swing the main trip lever 108, which, rcstin against the trip 104,causes the latter an the lever 99 (both being in effect one lever) toswing inwardly, pus ing the plun er 102 into the dashpot 103. As the daspot is closed at its outer end, the air within it can off the upper endof the retarder trip 104 (Fig. 37). Therefore, no appreciable movementof the shutter blades occurs during the time that the retarder mechanismis in operation. When the retarder parts are in this position (Fig. 37)the projection 60 has moved to the left edge of the flat lower side ofthe stud 111, and slips off the latter at the same instant that the stud112 slips oil the trip 104. The motor lever 57 then being free 'to movethrough the remainder of its stroke, the shutter is instantly closed.The spring 109 then returns the main trip lever 108 to its normalposition.

During the movements just described, the stop 72 hereinbefore mentioned,becomes operative. Its purpose is to prevent a re bound of theshutter-blades and actuating ring when the projection 00 strikes thestud 111. In the time and bulb exposures this rebound is prevented bythe detents 85 and 86. If the stop 72 were removed, the actuat-in lever51, when moved by the hook 66, woul fly eat the center and over to theleft side, on er the im ulse of the motor spring, because the hoo 65would not be in position to catch the pin 55. With said stop in place,the pin 55 strikes the inner or right hand ed e of the arm 73 at itsextreme end as the ever 51 moves from right to left, and tends to turnthe stop around the stud 64 in a clockwise direction. Movement in thisdirection is prevented, however, by the arm 74, because the notch 76 inits end comes down on the pin 56, which is moving toward it. Thusmovement of the stop in one direction is prevented by the pin 55, and inthe other direction by the pin 56, the action and reaction through saidstop occurring instantaneously. As a resuit, the movement of the blades34, the ring 36, and the actuating lever 51 is arreste just as saidblades are fully opened, and at that point the projection 60 strikes thestud 111 and the retarding mechanism becomes operative. Theshuttenoperating parts then occupy the positions shown in mg. 21, thepin 55 having just passed oil the end of the arm 73. On a reversemovement of the actusting lever 51, the pin 56 strikes the left side ofthe arm 74, and the notch comes down upon the pin 55, resulting inthesame efiect as before.

The length of time the shutter remams open is determined by the positionof the reta-rder trip 104, whlch is governed by the cam-face 23, actinthrough the stud 107, the arm 106, the p ate 96 and the stud 97. Thefurther the cam-ring is turnedtoward the left, the lower the end of theretarder trip 104 is carried, and consequently, the shorter becomes thedistance the plunger 102 must move before the stud 112 slipsoif saidtrip. An exposure of practically any desired length may thus beobtained. When the retarder trip 104. has been lowered so far that thestud 112 passes without striking it (Fig. 38), the shutter opens andcloses at the highest 5 eed with which the spring 58 is capable 0driving the actuating parts. To provide for still igher speeds, anauxiliary spring is used, that is normall inoperative, but which iswound up an exerts its pressure on the motor lever when the cam-ring isturned far enough to engage its controlling parts. Said spring isillustrated in Figs. 40 and 41. On the pivot 44; is an arm 113, fromwhich. a stud 114. projects into the slot 21 in the cam-plate 20. Theauxiliary spring 115 (which is referably stronger than the spring 58) iscoi ed around the pivot 44, back of the arm 113. One end of said springis caught against a lug 116 on said arm, and its other end rests againsta stud 117 on the motor lever 57, be low the pivotal pointof the latter.Normally, the sprin 115 is under very slight tension, just so cient tohold the arm 113 against the post 43 (Fig. 40). When the cam-ring 20 ismoved far enough, the wedge or cam-face 22 thereon wedges under the stud11. {Fi 39), and swings said arm toward the le (Fig. 41) partiallywinding up the spring 115. The upper end of the latter then presses withconsiderable force upon the stud 117, so that its power is added to thatof the main motor spring 58 when the shutter is operated, and a veryrapid exposure is obtained. Owing to the form of the shutter-blades, andtheir simultaneous operation, the whole plate is covered at the instantof exposure, which is a distinct advantage in extremely rapid work, asit obviates the distortion that is common in the use of the curtain ty eof shutter.

It will be noted om the drawings that the pump 79, the retarder dashpot103, the setting-button 63" and the release button 71, are disposed atequal intervals around the circumference of the shutter-casing. This 5construction gives the shutter an exceed ingly trim and symmetrical apearance (Fig. 1), the diaphragm-lever 14 using the only other visiblemoving part.

\Vhat I claim is 1- 1. In a photographic shutter, a casing; shut ermechanism inclosed therein; a fixed plate within said casing havingkeyhole I slots therein; a scale plate forming the front of said casingand swing posts provided with enlar ed heads adapted to on age in saidkeyhole slots; and a locking ever in said casing for holding one of saidposts in the narrow portion of its keyhole slot.

2. In a photographic shutter liavin an exposure opening, a blade movablein either of two directions to open and close said opening; a motorspring acting in one direction only; and mechanism interposed betweenthe motor spring and the blade for operating the blade by the spring ineither 0 two opposite directions to open and close the shutter bymovement in each direction.

3. In a photographic shutter having an exposure 0 ening, shutter bladespivoted around sai opening; a ring connected to said blades for openinand closing the blades by motion in eit er of two opposite directions; amotor spring acting in one direction only; and mechanism interposedbetween the ring and the motor spring for operating said ring by thespring in either 0 two opposite directions to open and close the shutterby movement in each direction.

1. In a photographic shutter, a casing; shutter mechanism inclosedtherein; a fixed plate within said casing having keyhole slots therein;a scale plate forming the front of said casing and having posts providedwith enlarged heads adapted to engage in said keyhole slots; a lockinglever in said casing for holding one of said posts in the narrow portionof its keyhole slot; and a rotary controlling plate held between saidtwo plates and provided with cams for engaging and controlling parts ofthe shutter mechanism.

5. In a photographic shutter, a shutter .blade; 3. motor spring actingin one direction only; and automatic reversing mechanism interposedbetween the motor spring and the shutter blade for operating the bladein opposite directions by successive spring impulses.

6. In a photographic shutter having an exposure 0 ening, shutter bladesarranged around sai opening; a rim connected to said blades foroperating tem; a motor spring acting in one direction only; andautomatic reversing mechanism interposed between the ring and the motorspring for operating said ring in opposite directions by successivespring impulses.

7. In a photographic shutter having an exposure opening, shutter bladesarranged around said opening and adapted to open and close said exposureopening by a simultaneous continued movement of the blades in onedirection; a ring connected to said blades for operating them; a motorspring acting in one direction only; and automa-i 1c reversing mechanisminterposed between the motor spring and the ring for operating the ringin op site directions by successive spring impu sea.

8. In a photographic shutter having an exposure 0 ning, shutter bladesarranged around sai opening; a motor spring acting in one directiononly; a motor lever actuated thereby; a ring connected with the shutterblades for operat-in the same; a pivoted shutter lever connects to saidring for operating the same; and automatic reversm means for connectingsaid motor lever wit said shutter lever for tilting it in oppositedirections by successive impulses of said spring. I

9. In a photographic shutter having an exposure opening, a shutter bladearranged around said opemn a motor spring acting in one direction any; amotor lever actuated by said spring; a shutter ring connected to saidshutter blades; a pivoted shutter lever connected to said ring; andmeans for connecting the motor lever with the shutter lever selectivelyon opposite sides of its ivot for throwing the shutter in oppositeirections by said spring.

10. In a photographic shutter having an exposure opening, a series ofshutter blades pivoted around said opening; a ring connected to saidblades for operating them; a motor spring acting in one direction only;a pivoted shutter lever for oscillating saidring in opposite directions;a motor lever operated by said motor spring; means for connecting saidshutter lever and said motor lever for oscillating the ring in onedirection by one complete 0 station of the motor spring; and means orconnecting the shutter lever and the motor lever for oscillating thering in the opposite direction by another complete operation of themotor spring.

11. In a photographic shutter having an exposure opening, a series ofshutter blades pivoted around said opening; a motor spring acting in onedirection only; an oscillating ring connected to the shutter blades foroperating them; and means interposed between the motor spring and theshutter ring for oscillating the shutter ring in opposite directions bysuccessive actions of said motor spring.

12. In a photographic shutter having an exposure opening, a series ofshutter blades pivoted around said opening; a motor s ring acting in onedirection only; an oscil sting ring connected to the shutter blades foroperating them; means for placing said motor spring under tension; latchmechanism for releasing the same; and means interposed between the motorspring and the ring for operating the latter in opposite directions uponsuccessive settings of the motor spring.

13, In a photographic shutter having an exposure opening, a shutterblade for said opening; a motor spring; means between the spring and theshutter blade for operating the latter; and a second motor springadapted to Lian be set to supplement the action of the first motorspring to produce higher speeds of the shutter blade.

14. In a photographic shutter, a casing; shutter mechanisn'i inclosedtherein; a fixed plate within the casing; an outer plate coverin thefixed plate, the two plates being provided with interlockin devices forre taining the outer plate an said devices being disengageable byrelative movement of the plates; and a locking device concealed withinthe casing but accessible from withoutand operating to prevent relativedisengaging movement of the plates.

15. In a photographic shutter, a casing comprising two members; screwssecuring the members together; shutter mechanism inclosed within thecasing; 21. late covering the heads of the screws; an means concealedWithin the casing for locking the plate in position.

16. In a photographic shutter, a shutter blade; a motor s ri'nconnections between the spring and t e b ade for actuating the blade; asecond motor spring arranged to supplement the action of the firstmentioned motor spring; and means for adjusting the second spring to,vary its force and regulate the speed of the shutter blade.

17. In a photographic shutter having an exposure 0 coin a shutter blademovable in either 0 two directions to open and close said opening; amotor spring acting in one direction only; mechanism connecting theshutter blade and the motor spring for actuating the shutter blade ineither direction; and means for arresting said mechanism when theshutter blade is in open position.

18. In a photographic shutter, shutter mechanism including apivotally-mounted member operative in either direction to produce anexposure, said member being provided with two abutments on oppositesides of its pivotal center; a. motor spring; and means for connectinthe motor spring alternatively with saiE abnt-ments to actuate saidmember in either direction.

19. In a photographic shutter, shutter mechanism includingapivotally-mounted member operative in either direction to produce anexposure; mot-or spring acting in one direction only; mechanism forconnecting the spring with said member to operate it in eitherdirection; and means for arrest iug both said mechanism and said memberwhen the shutter is open.

20. In a photographic shutter, shutter mechanism including apivotally-monnted member operative in either direction to pr duce anexposure, said member being provided with two abutments on opposites1des of its pivotal center; a motor s ring; and means for connectingthe spring a ternatively with the abutments to actuate said member ineithet diirectiom e id me cemprit v beak-shaped member arranged toengage means. whenlthe'ehutterueqpeifi"angle tentangenged, to engage one0% the abut- I.

each of said abutments.

21. In a photographic shutter, shutter- 5 mechanism includlng apivotally-mounted member operatiye in either directmn topmduoe anegzpesiire, said member being provided with twdebutments on opgositesldes of its pivotal center; "a motor sprmg"n 1ea'ns 10 for oonneetingthe spring alternative 3; with the abutments to actuate said member inther-aireeiphffa eeeererr e nfi i.

ments to arnest the movement of the pivot 1.5-'j':'.' ally-m0untedmember when the shutter is open. ANDREW WOLLENSAK.

Witnesses: I

L.-TnoN,- C. Gmorm.

